Everything about Apical Consonant totally explained
An
apical consonant is a
phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the apex of the tongue (for example the tip of the tongue). This contrasts with
laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue (which is just behind the apex).
This isn't a very common distinction, and typically applied only to
fricatives and
affricates. Thus many varieties of English have either apical or laminal pairs of [t]/[d]. However, some varieties of Arabic, including
Hadhrami Arabic (also spelt
Hadrami), realizes [t] as laminal but [d] as apical.
The
Basque language uses this distinction for
alveolar fricatives, as does
Serbo-Croatian.
Mandarin Chinese uses it for
postalveolar fricatives (the "alveolo-palatal" and "retroflex" series).
St'at'imcets uses this as a secondary feature in contrasting velarized and non-velarized affricates.
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